Golang文件读写

By | 2022-02-14

文件的读写是编程语言的常见操作之一,这里讲一些Goang 读取文件的相关操作。

读取文件

读取文件有三种方式:

  • 将文件整个读入内存
  • 按字节数读取
  • 按行读取

具体实现如下:

1、将文件整个读入内存
package main

import (
   "os"
   "io/ioutil"
   "fmt"
)

func main() {
   file, err := os.Open("D:/gopath/src/golang_development_notes/example/log.txt")
   if err != nil {
      panic(err)
   }
   defer file.Close()
   content, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
   fmt.Println(string(content))
}

或者

package main

import (
   "os"
   "io/ioutil"
   "fmt"
)

func main() {
   filepath := "D:/gopath/src/golang_development_notes/example/log.txt"
   content ,err :=ioutil.ReadFile(filepath)
   if err !=nil {
      panic(err)
   }
   fmt.Println(string(content))
}

将文件整个读入内存,效率比较高,占用内存也最高。

2、按字节读取文件

package main

import (
   "bufio"
   "fmt"
   "io"
   "io/ioutil"
   "os"
)

func main() {
   filepath := "D:/gopath/src/golang_development_notes/example/log.txt"
   fi, err := os.Open(filepath)
   if err != nil {
      panic(err)
   }
   defer fi.Close()
   r := bufio.NewReader(fi)

   chunks := make([]byte, 0)
   buf := make([]byte, 1024) //一次读取多少个字节
   for {
      n, err := r.Read(buf)
      if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
         panic(err)
      }
      fmt.Println(string(buf[:n]))
      break
      if 0 == n {
         break
      }
      chunks = append(chunks, buf[:n]...)
   }
   fmt.Println(string(chunks))
}

package main

import (
   "fmt"
   "io"
   "os"
)

func main() {

   file := "D:/gopath/src/golang_development_notes/example/log.txt"
   f, err := os.Open(file)
   if err != nil {
      panic(err)
   }
   defer f.Close()

   chunks := make([]byte, 0)
   buf := make([]byte, 1024)
   for {
      n, err := f.Read(buf)
      if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
         panic(err)
      }
      if 0 == n {
         break
      }
      chunks = append(chunks, buf[:n]...)
   }
   fmt.Println(string(chunks))
}

3、按行读取

<pre class="hljs language-stata">package main

import (
<span class="hljs-string">"bufio"</span>
<span class="hljs-string">"fmt"</span>
<span class="hljs-string">"io"</span>
<span class="hljs-string">"io/ioutil"</span>
<span class="hljs-string">"os"</span>
<span class="hljs-string">"strings"</span>
)

func main() {
filepath := <span class="hljs-string">"D:/gopath/src/golang_development_notes/example/log.txt"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">file</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">err</span> := os.OpenFile(filepath, os.O_RDWR, 0666)
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">err</span> != nil {
fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">"Open file error!"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">err</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>
}
defer <span class="hljs-keyword">file</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword">Close</span>()

stat, <span class="hljs-keyword">err</span> := <span class="hljs-keyword">file</span>.Stat()
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">err</span> != nil {
panic(<span class="hljs-keyword">err</span>)
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> size = stat.Size()
fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">"file size="</span>, size)

buf := bufio.NewReader(<span class="hljs-keyword">file</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">line</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">err</span> := buf.ReadString('\<span class="hljs-keyword">n</span>')
<span class="hljs-keyword">line</span> = strings.TrimSpace(<span class="hljs-keyword">line</span>)
fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-keyword">line</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">err</span> != nil {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">err</span> == io.EOF {
fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">"File read ok!"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">"Read file error!"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">err</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>
}
}
}

}</pre>

写入文件

有以下写入方式

1、ioutil.WriteFile

package main

import (
   "io/ioutil"
)

func main() {

   content := []byte("测试1\n测试2\n")
   err := ioutil.WriteFile("test.txt", content, 0644)
   if err != nil {
      panic(err)
   }
}

这种方式每次都会覆盖 test.txt内容,如果test.txt文件不存在会创建。

2、os

package main

import (
   "fmt"
   "io"
   "os"
)

func checkFileIsExist(filename string) bool {
   if _, err := os.Stat(filename); os.IsNotExist(err) {
      return false
   }
   return true
}
func main() {
   var wireteString = "测试1\n测试2\n"
   var filename = "./test.txt"
   var f *os.File
   var err1 error
   if checkFileIsExist(filename) { //如果文件存在
      f, err1 = os.OpenFile(filename, os.O_APPEND, 0666) //打开文件
      fmt.Println("文件存在")
   } else {
      f, err1 = os.Create(filename) //创建文件
      fmt.Println("文件不存在")
   }
   defer f.Close()
   n, err1 := io.WriteString(f, wireteString) //写入文件(字符串)
   if err1 != nil {
      panic(err1)
   }
   fmt.Printf("写入 %d 个字节n", n)
}

此种方法可以在文件内容末尾添加新内容。

3、

package main

import (
   "fmt"
   "os"
)

func checkFileIsExist(filename string) bool {
   if _, err := os.Stat(filename); os.IsNotExist(err) {
      return false
   }
   return true
}
func main() {
   var str = "测试1\n测试2\n"
   var filename = "./test.txt"
   var f *os.File
   var err1 error
   if checkFileIsExist(filename) { //如果文件存在
      f, err1 = os.OpenFile(filename, os.O_APPEND, 0666) //打开文件
      fmt.Println("文件存在")
   } else {
      f, err1 = os.Create(filename) //创建文件
      fmt.Println("文件不存在")
   }
   defer f.Close()
   n, err1 := f.Write([]byte(str)) //写入文件(字节数组)

   fmt.Printf("写入 %d 个字节n", n)
   n, err1 = f.WriteString(str) //写入文件(字符串)
   if err1 != nil {
      panic(err1)
   }
   fmt.Printf("写入 %d 个字节n", n)
   f.Sync()
}

此种方法可以在文件内容末尾添加新内容。

4、bufio

package main

import (
   "bufio"
   "fmt"
   "os"
)

func checkFileIsExist(filename string) bool {
   if _, err := os.Stat(filename); os.IsNotExist(err) {
      return false
   }
   return true
}
func main() {
   var str = "测试1\n测试2\n"
   var filename = "./test.txt"
   var f *os.File
   var err1 error
   if checkFileIsExist(filename) { //如果文件存在
      f, err1 = os.OpenFile(filename, os.O_APPEND, 0666) //打开文件
      fmt.Println("文件存在")
   } else {
      f, err1 = os.Create(filename) //创建文件
      fmt.Println("文件不存在")
   }
   defer f.Close()
   if err1 != nil {
      panic(err1)
   }
   w := bufio.NewWriter(f) //创建新的 Writer 对象
   n, _ := w.WriteString(str)
   fmt.Printf("写入 %d 个字节n", n)
   w.Flush()
}

此种方法可以在文件内容末尾添加新内容。

对比几种读取文件效率

package main

import (
   "bufio"
   "fmt"
   "io"
   "io/ioutil"
   "os"
   "time"
)

func read0(path string) string {
   file, err := os.Open(path)
   if err != nil {
      panic(err)
   }
   defer file.Close()
   content, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
   return string(content)
}

func read1(path string) string {
   content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
   if err != nil {
      panic(err)
   }
   return string(content)
}

func read2(path string) string {
   fi, err := os.Open(path)
   if err != nil {
      panic(err)
   }
   defer fi.Close()
   r := bufio.NewReader(fi)

   chunks := make([]byte, 0)
   buf := make([]byte, 1024) //一次读取多少个字节
   for {
      n, err := r.Read(buf)
      if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
         panic(err)
      }
      if 0 == n {
         break
      }
      chunks = append(chunks, buf[:n]...)
   }
   return string(chunks)
}

func read3(path string) string {
   fi, err := os.Open(path)
   if err != nil {
      panic(err)
   }
   defer fi.Close()

   chunks := make([]byte, 0)
   buf := make([]byte, 1024)
   for {
      n, err := fi.Read(buf)
      if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
         panic(err)
      }
      if 0 == n {
         break
      }
      chunks = append(chunks, buf[:n]...)
   }
   return string(chunks)
}

func main() {

   file := "D:/gopath/src/example/example/log.txt"

   start := time.Now()

   read0(file)
   t0 := time.Now()
   fmt.Printf("Cost time %v\n", t0.Sub(start))

   read1(file)
   t1 := time.Now()
   fmt.Printf("Cost time %v\n", t1.Sub(t0))

   read2(file)
   t2 := time.Now()
   fmt.Printf("Cost time %v\n", t2.Sub(t1))

   read3(file)
   t3 := time.Now()
   fmt.Printf("Cost time %v\n", t3.Sub(t2))

}